Case report: an unusual long-term evolution of a diffuse midline glioma, H3K27 altered.

Background: As diffuse midline glioma, H3K27 altered, is a rare tumor entity with poor prognosis and few therapeutic options, only little is known so far about the genetic factors that influence tumorigenesis and the course of tumor development.

Presentation: We present the case of a 38-year-old female patient who suffered from nausea, fatigue, and intermittent walking impairment, which developed over the course of four weeks. Initial MRI showed an irregularly shaped, contrast-enhancing tumor around the third ventricle with central necrosis, most likely originating from the right thalamus.

The degree of patella alta in newborns shows strong correlations with patellofemoral parameters and is influenced by the intrauterine position - An ultrasound-based correlation study.

Background: Studies suggest that the development of a suitable patellar groove is highly dependent on a regular patellar position imprinting the patellofemoral joint. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that breech position also has an influence on the patellofemoral joint shape. The aim of this study is to exploratively analyze influences on patellar sagittal height in newborns.

Tranexamic acid: single topical application for femoral neck fractures treated with arthroplasty results in lowest blood loss.

Purpose: Tranexamic acid is widely accepted for hip fractures but there is no agreement about dose or application method and the use is still off label for hip fractures. The aim of our study was to find the best application method of tranexamic acid in patients with femoral neck fractures comparing total blood loss, hemoglobin and transfusion rate.

Methods: A retrospective single centre cohort study (level I trauma centre) with 2008 patients treated operatively for a proximal femur fracture between January 2016 and January 2022 was performed.

The immune checkpoint LAG-3 is expressed by melanoma cells and correlates with clinical progression of the melanoma.

Immune checkpoint blockers have substantially improved prognosis of melanoma patients, nevertheless, resistance remains a significant problem. Here, intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the tumor microenvironment are discussed, including the expression of alternative immune checkpoints such as lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3). While most studies focus on immune cell expression of these proteins, we investigated their melanoma cell intrinsic expression by immunohistochemistry in melanoma metastases of 60 patients treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and/or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) therapy, and correlated it with the expression of potential ligands, RNA sequencing data and clinical outcome.