Matrix Inversion and Subset Selection (MISS): A pipeline for mapping of diverse cell types across the murine brain.

The advent of increasingly sophisticated imaging platforms has allowed for the visualization of the murine nervous system at single-cell resolution. However, current experimental approaches have not yet produced whole-brain maps of a comprehensive set of neuronal and nonneuronal types that approaches the cellular diversity of the mammalian cortex. Here, we aim to fill in this gap in knowledge with an open-source computational pipeline, Matrix Inversion and Subset Selection (MISS), that can infer quantitatively validated distributions of diverse collections of neural cell types at 200-μm resolution using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and in situ hybridization datasets.

A fully automated method for late ventricular diastole frame selection in post-dive echocardiography without ECG gating.

Venous gas emboli (VGE) are often quantified as a marker of decompression stress on echocardiograms. Bubble-counting has been proposed as an easy to learn method, but remains time-consuming, rendering large dataset analysis impractical. Computer automation of VGE counting following this method has therefore been suggested as a means to eliminate rater bias and save time.

Transient acoustic vaporization signatures unique to low boiling point phase change contrast agents enable super-resolution ultrasound imaging without spatiotemporal filtering.

The unique activation signal of phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs or droplets) can be separated from the tissue signal and localized to generate super-resolution (SR) ultrasound (US) images. Lipid-shelled, perfluorocarbon PCCAs can be stochastically vaporized (activated) by a plane wave US transmission thereby enabling them to be used as separable targets for ultrasound localization microscopy. The unique signature of droplet vaporization imaging and the transient inherent nature of this signature increases signal contrast and therefore localization confidence, while the poor resolution of the low-frequency vaporization signal is overcome by the super-resolution result.

Urinary Tract Infections in Hospitalized Ischemic Stroke Patients: Source and Impact on Outcome.

Background:  Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in ischemic stroke patients are a common occurrence and the frequent focus of quality improvement initiatives. However, many UTIs are community-acquired and the impact of such infections on patient outcomes remains controversial.

Methods:  We conducted a retrospective analysis of our Stroke Center Database and electronic medical records to determine the incidence of both community-acquired UTI (CA-UTI) and hospital-acquired UTI (HA-UTI) in hospitalized ischemic stroke patients.

Polysymptomatic syndromes and autonomic reactivity to nonfood stressors in individuals with self-reported adverse food reactions.

This study compared symptom reports and cardiovascular reactivity of a group of 24 individuals recruited from the community who reported a cognitive or emotional symptom caused by at least one food (food-sensitivity reporters, FSR) vs those of 15 controls (C) without a history of food, chemical, drug, or inhalant sensitivities. The main findings were: 1) FSR indicated sensitivities not only to foods, but also to environmental chemicals, drugs, and natural inhalants, as well as significantly more symptoms than C in multiple systems; 2) more FSR than C noted recent state depression and anxiety, as well as higher trait anxiety on the Bendig form of the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale; 3) however, on multiple regression analysis, not only depression, but also the number of sensitivities (foods, chemicals, drugs, inhalants), accounted for part of the variance in total number of symptoms (38 and 17%, respectively), whereas none of the affective measures accounted for any of the variance in total number of sensitivities over all subjects; 4) after controlling for depression and anxiety, FSR still showed a trend toward poorer performance on a timed mental arithmetic task (p = 0.16); and 5) FSR and C showed opposite patterns of heart rate change to two different stressful tasks (mental arithmetic and isometric exercise) (group by task interaction, p < 0.