E. coli-Shigella species are a cryptic group of bacteria in which the Shigella species are distributed within the phylogenetic tree of E. coli.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as a fundamental innate immune defence mechanism. They consist of a nuclear DNA backbone associated with different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are able to engulf and kill pathogens. The AMP LL-37, a member of the cathelicidin family, is highly present in NETs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBecause hyponatraemia can be caused by many disorders, the diagnostic approach to hyponatraemia can be challenging for physicians. Causes of hyponatraemia can be classified according to a combination of laboratory parameters (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe broad-spectrum defense system based on host defense peptides (HDPs) is evolutionary very old and many invertebrates rely on this system for protection from bacterial infections. However, in vertebrates the system remained important in spite of the superposition of a very sophisticated adaptive immune system. The cathelicidins comprise a major group of HDPs in mammals.
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