Publications by authors named "E Maleche-Obimbo"
The impact of tuberculosis-induced hyperglycemia on pulmonary microbiota and airway mucus secretion in individuals not previously diabetic: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.
PLoS One
January 2025
The lung environment harbours a community of microbes that play a significant role in health and disease, including innate protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, psychological stress associated with the tuberculosis (TB) disease, and the metabolites from the rifampicin treatment regimen have been reported to induce hyperglycemia and consequently type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals not previously diabetic. The high glucose concentration is proposed to alter the composition of the lung microbiota and airway homeostasis, exerting an influence on TB disease and treatment outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Despite immune restoration after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART), the risk of tuberculosis (TB) persists in children living with HIV (CLHIV). We determined patterns of immune restoration of mycobacteria-specific T cells following ART in CLHIV.
Methods: CD4 and CD8 T cell activation and memory phenotype and functional profiles before and 6 months after ART were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CLHIV enrolled in the PUSH study (NCT02063880) in Nairobi, Kenya.
Infants born to mothers with tuberculosis disease are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis disease themselves. We reviewed published studies and guidelines on the management of these infants to inform the development of a consensus practice guideline. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from database inception to Dec 1, 2022, for original studies reporting the management and outcome of infants born to mothers with tuberculosis.
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- Antiretroviral therapy for children under 3 years with HIV often uses a liquid formulation of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), but it has taste issues and requires refrigeration, which led to the development of LPV/r oral pellets that can be mixed with food and don't need cooling.
- The study assessed the drug exposure of these LPV/r oral pellets in Kenyan and Ugandan children using pharmacokinetic modeling to understand how body weight affects drug clearance and effectiveness.
- Analysis of data from 514 children indicated that the pellets achieved the desired drug levels across different weight bands as defined by the World Health Organization, suggesting they are a suitable treatment option for young children with HIV.
Age at HIV acquisition may influence viral pathogenesis in infants, and yet infection timing (i.e. date of infection) is not always known.
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