Regulatory dynamics of Sch9 in response to cytosolic acidification: From spatial reconfiguration to cellular adaptation to stresses.

The regulation of cellular metabolism is crucial for cell survival, with Sch9 in serving a key role as a substrate of TORC1. Sch9 localizes to the vacuolar membrane through binding to PI(3,5)P, which is necessary for TORC1-dependent phosphorylation. This study demonstrates that cytosolic pH regulates Sch9 localization.

Reconsidering the selectivity of bulk autophagy: cargo hitchhiking specifies cargo for degradation.

Bulk macroautophagy/autophagy, typically induced by starvation, is generally thought to isolate cytosolic components for degradation in a non-selective manner. Despite the fundamental nature of the eukaryotic degradation pathway, the question of what cargo is isolated by autophagy has remained unaddressed for over 30 years. We recently employed mass spectrometry to analyze the contents of isolated autophagic bodies.

Feelings and thoughts about life selection in pregnant women undergoing non-invasive prenatal testing in Japan.

The objective of this study was to conduct qualitative research by clarifying the thoughts of pregnant women undergoing non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in Japan, to collect evidence to provide information and psychosocial support in genetic counseling (GC). We attempted to conduct qualitative research to provide support for GC and the society in relation to children with special needs, by clarifying the thoughts of pregnant women undergoing NIPT. Between January 2016 and December 2017, we administered an open-ended questionnaire to pregnant Japanese women undergoing NIPT to clarify their ethical views in relation to children with special needs.

Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix: Six case reports.

Background: Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) of the appendix is a rare tumor characterized by neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma features. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is very difficult, with most patients complaining mainly of abdominal pain. Computed tomography shows swelling of the appendix, so diagnosis is usually made incidentally after appendectomy based on a preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis.

Atg45 is an autophagy receptor for glycogen, a non-preferred cargo of bulk autophagy in yeast.

The mechanisms governing autophagy of proteins and organelles have been well studied, but how other cytoplasmic components such as RNA and polysaccharides are degraded remains largely unknown. In this study, we examine autophagy of glycogen, a storage form of glucose. We find that cells accumulate glycogen in the cytoplasm during nitrogen starvation and that this carbohydrate is rarely observed within autophagosomes and autophagic bodies.