Hazard assessment of nanomaterials: how to meet the requirements for (next generation) risk assessment.

Background: Hazard and risk assessment of nanomaterials (NMs) face challenges due to, among others, the numerous existing nanoforms, discordant data and conflicting results found in the literature, and specific challenges in the application of strategies such as grouping and read-across, emphasizing the need for New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to support Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA). Here these challenges are addressed in a study that couples physico-chemical characterization with in vitro investigations and in silico similarity analyses for nine nanoforms, having different chemical composition, sizes, aggregation states and shapes. For cytotoxicity assessment, three methods (Alamar Blue, Colony Forming Efficiency, and Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing) are applied in a cross-validation approach to support NAMs implementation into NGRA.

Lack of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of mPEG-silane coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium despite cellular uptake in cancerous and noncancerous lung cells.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of novel mPEG-silane coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium (Mg-γ-FeO(mPEG-silane)) have been investigated on human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial (A549) and human normal bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. In the studies several molecular and cellular targets addressing to cell membrane, cytoplasm organelles and nucleus components were served as toxicological endpoints. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were found to be stable in the cell culture media and were examined for different concentration and exposure times.

A template wizard for the cocreation of machine-readable data-reporting to harmonize the evaluation of (nano)materials.

Making research data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) is typically hampered by a lack of skills in technical aspects of data management by data generators and a lack of resources. We developed a Template Wizard for researchers to easily create templates suitable for consistently capturing data and metadata from their experiments. The templates are easy to use and enable the compilation of machine-readable metadata to accompany data generation and align them to existing community standards and databases, such as eNanoMapper, streamlining the adoption of the FAIR principles.

Current status and future challenges of genotoxicity OECD Test Guidelines for nanomaterials: a workshop report.

Genotoxicity testing for nanomaterials remains challenging as standard testing approaches require some adaptation, and further development of nano-specific OECD Test Guidelines (TGs) and Guidance Documents (GDs) are needed. However, the field of genotoxicology continues to progress and new approach methodologies (NAMs) are being developed that could provide relevant information on the range of mechanisms of genotoxic action that may be imparted by nanomaterials. There is a recognition of the need for implementation of new and/or adapted OECD TGs, new OECD GDs, and utilization of NAMs within a genotoxicity testing framework for nanomaterials.