CDKN2A-p16 Deletion and Activated KRAS Drive Barrett's-Like Gland Hyperplasia-Metaplasia and Synergize in the Development of Dysplasia Precancer Lesions.

Background & Aims: Barrett's esophagus is the precursor of esophageal dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. CDKN2A-p16 deletions were reported in 34%-74% of patients with Barrett's esophagus who progressed to dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma, suggesting that p16 loss may drive neoplastic progression. KRAS activation frequently occurs in esophageal adenocarcinoma and precancer lesions.

Molecular Structure-Intrinsic Photostability Relationships for a Series of Conjugated Polymers: Backbone Substitution Matters!

Herein, we present an efficient approach for screening the intrinsic photostability of organic absorber materials used in photovoltaic applications. Using a series of structurally related conjugated polymers and a set of complementary techniques, we established important "material structure-photostability" relationships. In particular, we have revealed that the introduction of alkoxy, thioalkyl, and fluorine substituents adversely affects the material photostability.

Unraveling the unusual effect of fluorination on crystal packing in an organic semiconductor.

Owing to combination of chemical and thermal stability, favorable molecular packing, and efficient electron transport, naphthalene diimide derivatives (NDIs) are promising materials for n-channel organic field effect transistors (OFETs). For tuning the properties of n-conductive organic semiconductors, as well as for improvement of their air stability, fluorination is a frequently used approach. In this study, we demonstrate how very small modification of the molecular structure - fluorine substitution in the p-position of the phenyl rings of N,N'-diphenyl-NDI (Ph-NDI) - dramatically changes the crystal packing but almost does not affect electron transport.

Downregulation of () follows the stepwise progression to gastric adenocarcinoma.

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The transcription factor gene () is methylated and downregulated in human GC tissues. Using human GC samples, we determined which cells downregulate , when downregulation occurs, if downregulation correlates with clinical-pathologic characteristics, and whether plays a role in invasion and/or proliferation of cultured cells.

High-resolution genomic alterations in Barrett's metaplasia of patients who progress to esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.

The main risk factor for esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma (DAC) is Barrett's esophagus (BE), characterized by intestinal metaplasia. The critical genomic mechanisms that lead to progression of nondysplastic BE to DAC remain poorly understood and require analyses of longitudinal patient cohorts and high-resolution assays. We tested BE tissues from 74 patients, including 42 nonprogressors from two separate groups of 21 patients each and 32 progressors (16 in a longitudinal cohort before DAC/preprogression-BE and 16 with temporally concurrent but spatially separate DAC/concurrent-BE).