A novel strain of Leishmania braziliensis harbors not a toti- but a bunyavirus.

Leishmania is a genus of the family Trypanosomatidae that unites obligatory parasitic flagellates causing a variety of vector-borne diseases collectively called leishmaniasis. The symptoms range from relatively innocuous skin lesions to complete failures of visceral organs. The disease is exacerbated if a parasite harbors Leishmania RNA viruses (LRVs) of the family Pseudototiviridae.

Dynamic changes in the hippocampal neuronal circuits activity following acute stress revealed by miniature fluorescence microscopy imaging.

Coordinated activity of neuronal ensembles is a basis for information processing in the brain. Recent development of miniscope imaging technology enabled recordings of neuronal circuits activity in vivo in freely behaving animals. Acute stress is believed to affect various hippocampal functions, especially memory.

Mapping the microRNA landscape in the older adult brain and its genetic contribution to neuropsychiatric conditions.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and influence many biological processes. Despite their importance, understanding of how genetic variation affects miRNA expression in the brain and how this relates to brain disorders remains limited. Here we investigated these questions by identifying microRNA expression quantitative trait loci (miR-QTLs), or genetic variants associated with brain miRNA levels, using genome-wide small RNA sequencing profiles from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex samples of 604 older adult donors of European ancestry.

Genetic regulation of microRNAs in the older adult brain and their contribution to neuropsychiatric conditions.

MicroRNAs are essential post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and involved in many biological processes; however, our understanding of their genetic regulation and role in brain illnesses is limited. Here, we mapped brain microRNA expression quantitative trait loci (miR-QTLs) using genome-wide small RNA sequencing profiles from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) samples of 604 older adult donors of European ancestry. miR-QTLs were identified for 224 miRNAs (48% of 470 tested miRNAs) at false discovery rate < 1%.

Proteomic analysis of Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid reveals alterations associated with ε4 and atomoxetine treatment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently defined by the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins in the brain. Although biofluid biomarkers are available to measure Aβ and tau pathology, few markers are available to measure the complex pathophysiology that is associated with these two cardinal neuropathologies. Here, we characterized the proteomic landscape of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes associated with Aβ and tau pathology in 300 individuals using two different proteomic technologies-tandem mass tag mass spectrometry and SomaScan.