Antimicrobial Prescription Practices and Stewardship in Washington State Small and Mixed Animal Veterinary Medicine.

Introduction: Judicious antimicrobial use is essential for the continued treatment of infections in small and mixed animal veterinary medicine. To better support Washington (WA) State veterinarians in antimicrobial stewardship, we surveyed licensed small and mixed animal veterinarians and led group conversations regarding antimicrobial prescription practices.

Methods: Survey questions included demographic information, factors influencing prescription practices and clinical cases.

Wastewater surveillance for antibiotic resistance genes during the late 2020 SARS-CoV-2 peak in two different populations.

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a rise in resistant infections after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started. How and if the pandemic contributed to antibiotic resistance in the larger population is not well understood. Wastewater treatment plants are good locations for environmental surveillance because they can sample entire populations.

Context-Seq: CRISPR-Cas9 Targeted Nanopore Sequencing for Transmission Dynamics of Antimicrobial Resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) aligns with a One Health framework in that resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be transmitted between humans, animals, and the environment. However, there is a critical need to more precisely understand how and to what extent AMR is exchanged between animals and humans. Metagenomic sequencing has low detection for rare targets such as ARGs, while whole genome sequencing of isolates is burdensome and misses exchange between uncultured bacterial species.

Is detection of enteropathogens and human or animal faecal markers in the environment associated with subsequent child enteric infections and growth: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Quantifying contributions of environmental faecal contamination to child diarrhoea and growth faltering can illuminate causal mechanisms behind modest health benefits in recent water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) trials. We aimed to assess associations between environmental detection of enteropathogens and human or animal microbial source tracking markers (MSTM) and subsequent child health outcomes.

Methods: In this individual participant data meta-analysis we searched we searched PubMed, Embase, CAB Direct Global Health, Agricultural and Environmental Science Database, Web of Science, and Scopus for WASH intervention studies with a prospective design and concurrent control that measured enteropathogens or MSTM in environmental samples, or both, and subsequently measured enteric infections, diarrhoea, or height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) in children younger than 5 years.