Examining Interpreter Services to Better Characterize Areas for Quality Improvement.

Introduction: Medical providers utilize professional medical interpreters (PMIs) daily. Despite this, the challenges PMIs may experience when translating surgical care has not been well explored. Limited English-language proficiency (LEP) patients depend on PMIs for accurate understanding of their care and the lack of quality control can further disenfranchise an already vulnerable population.

Photolysis of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one: Mechanisms and Products.

Insensitive munitions formulations that include 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) are replacing traditional explosive compounds. While these new formulations have superior safety characteristics, the compounds have greater environmental mobility, raising concern over potential contamination and cleanup of training and manufacturing facilities. Here, we examine the mechanisms and products of NTO photolysis in simulated sunlight to further inform NTO degradation in sunlit surface waters.

Direct Bypass Surgery for Moyamoya and Steno-occlusive Vasculopathy: Clinical Outcomes, Intraoperative Blood Flow Analysis, Long-term Follow-up, and Long-term Bypass Patency in a Single Surgeon Case Series of 162 Procedures.

Background: Cerebral extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) direct bypass is a commonly used procedure for the treatment of cerebral hypoperfusion secondary to chronic steno-occlusive vasculopathy. We sought to determine clinical outcomes, intraoperative blood flow analysis, long term follow up, and long term patency rates from a single surgeon's series of direct cerebral bypass for moyamoya disease, moyamoya syndrome, and steno-occlusive disease.

Methods: We reviewed clinical, demographic, operative and neuroimaging records for all patients who underwent a direct EC-IC bypass by the senior author between August 1999 and November 2020.