Evidence for ecological tuning of anuran biofluorescent signals.

Although biologists have described biofluorescence in a diversity of taxa, there have been few systematic efforts to document the extent of biofluorescence within a taxonomic group or investigate its general significance. Through a field survey across South America, we discover and document patterns of biofluorescence in tropical amphibians. We more than triple the number of anuran species that have been tested for this trait.

Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Nitrogen from the Triple Point to 1000 K and Pressures up to 2200 MPa.

Unlabelled: We present a new wide-ranging correlation for the viscosity of nitrogen based on critically evaluated experimental data as well as calculations. The correlation is designed to be used with densities from an existing equation of state, which is valid from the triple point to 1000 K, at pressures up to 2200 MPa. The estimated uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) for the viscosity varies depending on the temperature and pressure, from a low of 0.

Development of Spanish Nutrition Screening Tool for Hispanic Preschoolers.

Nutrition screening tools may facilitate early nutrition interventions specifically with Hispanic populations that are already at higher risk. There is a paucity of culturally competent and validated nutrition screening tools for 3-5-year-old Hispanic children. The purpose of this study was to develop a Spanish nutrition screening tool for 3-5-year-old children to be used by Spanish-speaking parents in community settings to appropriately address malnutrition risk factors with cultural sensitivity.

The limits of the metapopulation: Lineage fragmentation in a widespread terrestrial salamander (Plethodon cinereus).

In vicariant species formation, divergence results primarily from periods of allopatry and restricted gene flow. Widespread species harboring differentiated, geographically distinct sublineages offer a window into what may be a common mode of species formation, whereby a species originates, spreads across the landscape, then fragments into multiple units. However, incipient lineages usually lack reproductive barriers that prevent their fusion upon secondary contact, blurring the boundaries between a single, large metapopulation-level lineage and multiple independent species.

Interleukin receptor therapeutics attenuate inflammation in canine synovium following cruciate ligament injury.

Objective: In the knee, synovial fibrosis after ligamentous injury is linked to progressive joint pain and stiffness. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in synovial architecture, mechanical properties, and transcriptional profiles following naturally occurring cruciate ligament injury in canines and to test potential therapeutics that target drivers of synovial inflammation and fibrosis.

Design: Synovia from canines with spontaneous cruciate ligament tears and from healthy knees were assessed via histology (n = 10/group) and micromechanical testing (n = 5/group) to identify changes in tissue architecture and stiffness.