[Epidemiology of a cohort of 450 urolithiasis at the Yalgado Ouédraogo university hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)].

Objective: To report the epidemiological and diagnosis characteristics of urolithiasis in the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective and descriptive study of a cohort of urolithiasis patients from January 2009 to December 2011 at the department of urology of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University hospital of Ouagadougou. The minimum required data were: age, gender, occupation, residence, complete medical observation and medical imaging results.

[Local recurrence of renal carcinoma after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy].

We report the case of an early local recurrence after a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for a Furhman grade 1-2 clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRC). CT scan at 6 months revealed a local recurrence. An open total nephrectomy was performed.

Nanobacteria are mineralo fetuin complexes.

"Nanobacteria" are nanometer-scale spherical and ovoid particles which have spurred one of the biggest controversies in modern microbiology. Their biological nature has been severely challenged by both geologists and microbiologists, with opinions ranging from considering them crystal structures to new life forms. Although the nature of these autonomously replicating particles is still under debate, their role in several calcification-related diseases has been reported.