Transmission of immune responses from one generation to the next represents a powerful adaptive mechanism to protect an organism's descendants. Parental infection by the natural C. elegans pathogen Pseudomonas vranovensis induces a protective response in progeny, but the bacterial cues and intergenerational signal driving this response were previously unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Studies have reported an association between socioeconomic status and disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), but findings using the pre-MS individual socioeconomic status are missing.
Objective: The objective was to investigate the association between education level and disability progression.
Methods: All Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP) patients with MS clinical onset over 1960-2014, and aged ⩾25 years at MS onset were included.
Background And Objectives: The dynamics of microstructural spinal cord (SC) damage and repair in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and their clinical relevance have yet to be explored. We set out to describe patient-specific profiles of microstructural SC damage and change during the first year after MS diagnosis and to investigate their associations with disability and SC atrophy at 5 years.
Methods: We performed a longitudinal monocentric cohort study among patients with relapsing-remitting MS: first relapse <1 year, no relapse <1 month, and high initial severity on MRI (>9 T2 lesions on brain MRI and/or initial myelitis).
Efflux pumps are a key component in bacteria's ability to gain resistance to antibiotics. In addition to increasing efflux, new research has suggested that the antibiotic, tetracycline, may have larger impacts on bacterial membranes. Using second harmonic scattering, we monitor the transport of two small molecules across the membranes of different Gram-positive bacteria.
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