Publications by authors named "E L Sparrow"
Considerable recent research in neurosciences has dealt with the topic of consciousness, even though there is still disagreement about how to identify and classify conscious states. Recent behavioral work on the topic also exists. We survey recent behavioral and neuroscientific literature with the aims of commenting on strengths and weaknesses of the literature and mapping new directions and recommendations for experimental psychologists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentifying WHO global priority endemic pathogens for vaccine research and development (R&D) using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA): an objective of the Immunization Agenda 2030.
EBioMedicine
December 2024
Background: To date, global priorities for new vaccine R&D have not been systematically identified for endemic pathogens. As part of Immunisation Agenda 2030 (IA2030), we have systematically identified priority endemic pathogens for new vaccine R&D based on country and regional stakeholder values to address this need.
Methods: MCDA surveys targeting policy makers and immunisation stakeholders in each World Health Organization (WHO) region were used to weight eight criteria for prioritisation.
Article Synopsis
- The search for effective ways to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants has continued for over 60 years, leading to the approval of two new products in higher-income countries: a monoclonal antibody called nirsevimab and a maternal vaccine known as RSVpreF.
- These products are currently unavailable in low-income regions, where most RSV-related deaths occur, highlighting a significant global health disparity.
- The paper also reviews the safety and effectiveness of these treatments, discusses potential implementation strategies in various countries, and emphasizes that with political commitment and affordable pricing, preventing RSV in infants could be achievable worldwide.
In 2019, an estimated 4.95 million deaths were linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Vaccines can prevent many of these deaths by averting both drug-sensitive and resistant infections, reducing antibiotic usage, and lowering the likelihood of developing resistance genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitalization rates and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in children under 5 years old.
- It included a systematic review of 61 studies from 19 countries, utilizing both published and unpublished data to assess changes in RSV epidemiology during the pandemic compared to 2019.
- Results showed hospitalization rates and severity of RSV-related acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) significantly changed during the pandemic, with most studies coming from high-income countries.