Lacrimal gland abscess in a child as a rare manifestation of IgG4-related disease.

Dacryoadenitis is unusual in children, and noninfectious causes can be manifestations of serious undiagnosed systemic conditions. This report brings further attention to this rarely-encountered condition and emphasizes its association with IgG4-related disease, a group of inflammatory disorders of high current interest whose spectrum of manifestations continues to evolve. The pediatric ophthalmologist could be in the position of identifying a patient's serious and previously unappreciated illness.

A chronicle of surgical thinking and doing for exotropia: innovations and rediscoveries.

Purpose: To review the evolution of theories and practices concerning surgery for exotropia over the last approximately 200 years.

Methods: Major ophthalmology texts and relevant references were reviewed to discover experience and thinking concerning the causes of comitant intermittent and constant exotropia and corrective surgical approaches.

Results: The concept that excessive divergence is the cause of comitant exotropia has given way to one recognizing that this disorder is a position of rest modified by convergence.

Effect of Intravenous Administration of Contrast Media on Serum Creatinine Levels in Neonates.

Purpose To assess the effect of intravenous contrast media on renal function in neonates. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained with waiver of consent. Electronic health records from January 2011 to April 2013 were reviewed retrospectively.

Accommodative ET-High AC/A Ratio Esotropia: The Case for Glasses.

Background And Purpose: There is a continuing debate as to whether the patient optically correctable at distance to within 8 prism diopters of perfect alignment requires treatment for persisting overconvergence at near, and if treatment is indicated, what it should be.

Patients And Methods: For the patient whose misalignment at distance is reduced to 8 or fewer prism diopters, my preference is for the full cycloplegic correction plus a bifocal in the first prescription, to discourage virtually all accommodation initially, with pull back later.

Results: Review of several reports indicates a continued lack of consensus on whether this causes disuse weakening of accommodation and premature presbyopia.