Increasing stratification as observed by satellite sea surface salinity measurements.

Changes in the Earth's water cycle can be estimated by analyzing sea surface salinity. This variable reflects the balance between precipitation and evaporation over the ocean, since the upper layers of the ocean are the most sensitive to atmosphere-ocean interactions. In situ measurements lack spatial and temporal synopticity and are typically acquired at few meters below the surface.

New Radiometric Approaches to Compute Underwater Irradiances: Potential Applications for High-Resolution and Citizen Science-Based Water Quality Monitoring Programs.

Measuring the diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd) allows for monitoring the water body's environmental status. This parameter is of particular interest in water quality monitoring programs because it quantifies the presence of light and the euphotic zone's depth. Citizen scientists can meaningfully contribute by monitoring water quality, complementing traditional methods by reducing monitoring costs and significantly improving data coverage, empowering and supporting decision-making.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma: Treatment patterns and outcomes from the Spanish Lung Cancer Group.

Background: Malignant mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive tumor arising from the pleura, typically associated with exposure to asbestos. The purpose of this investigation was to describe mesothelioma patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes in Spain.

Material And Methods: Patients diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma of the pleura were recorded in an anonymous online database (BEMME, Epidemiologic Spanish Malignant Mesothelioma Database) from June 2008 through May 2013.

Networks of Boards of Directors: Is the 'Golden Skirts' Only an Illusion?

In this empirical research, using a database of 41,107 directors from 38 European countries from 1999 to 2015, we analyze the topological features of the director's networks and observe that the degree distribution for both men and women follows a power law. The exponent of the power law is higher for women than the one for men, suggesting a milder role of interlocking for women that points to the absence of the 'Golden Skirts' phenomenon at the European level (i.e.

Modeling of silicon- and aluminum-doped phosphorene nanoflakes.

The electronic structure of phosphorene nanoflakes (PNFs) doped with Al and Si has been explored using hybrid functional BHandHlyp/def2-SVP and complete active space (CASSCF) methods. Doping increases the bond length alternation and changes the overall PNF shape. Doping also decreases singlet-triplet splitting in the PNFs.