WPPSI-IV and NEPSY-II performance in mono- and bilingual 5-6-year-old children: Findings from The FinSwed Study.

Children's language background relates to their neurocognitive development. Knowledge of this relationship is important as bilingualism is common. However, research regarding language background in relation to performance on cognitive tests such as the WPPSI-IV and NEPSY-II is scarce.

A linkage study of 12 IDDM susceptibility loci in the Finnish population.

Background: HLA region is the major locus (IDDM1) of type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility. It explains approximately 50% of the genetic background of T1D, indicating additional genetic determinants. Genome scans and candidate gene studies have generated several chromosomal candidate regions that may have a role in T1D development.

Increased secretion of TGF-beta1 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy.

Aims: To study transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Type 1 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.

Methods: Thirty normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients (urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) < 20 microg/min), 12 microalbuminuric (AER 20-200 microg/min), 10 nephropathic (AER > 200 microg/min), and 13 non-diabetic individuals were recruited. TGF-beta1 secretion by PBMC was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) after 48 h culture with and without phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (5 microg/ml).

Urinary transforming growth factor-beta1 and alpha1-microglobulin in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Urinary TGF-beta1 reflects TGF-beta1 production in the kidney, and alpha1-microglobulin tubular dysfunction. These 2 markers were studied in the early phases of type 1 diabetes.

N-acetyltransferase-2 polymorphism, smoking and type 1 diabetic nephropathy.

The N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) polymorphism has been suggested to be related to diabetic microvascular complications. To study the distribution of NAT2 genotypes in Caucasian type 1 diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy, 214 adult type 1 diabetic patients and 53 healthy individuals were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In addition, 75 young type 1 diabetic patients were genotyped, and 70 of them also phenotyped by caffeine.