A novel class of insecticidal alkylsulfones are potent inhibitors of vesicular acetylcholine transport.

Pyridine alkylsulfone derivatives typified by oxazosulfyl (Sumitomo Chemical Company Ltd.) and compound A2 (Syngenta) represent a new class of insecticides, with potent activity against several insect orders. Whilst the MOA of this class has been attributed to interaction with the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), here we present strong evidence that their toxicity to insects is mediated primarily through inhibition of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT).

The mode of action of isocycloseram: A novel isoxazoline insecticide.

Isocycloseram is a novel isoxazoline insecticide and acaricide with activity against lepidopteran, hemipteran, coleopteran, thysanopteran and dipteran pest species. Isocycloseram selectively targets the invertebrate Rdl GABA receptor at a site that is distinct to fiproles and organochlorines. The widely distributed cyclodiene resistance mutation, A301S, does not affect sensitivity to isocycloseram, either in vitro or in vivo, demonstrating the suitability of isocylsoseram to control pest infestations with this resistance mechanism.

Engineering transplantable jejunal mucosal grafts using patient-derived organoids from children with intestinal failure.

Intestinal failure, following extensive anatomical or functional loss of small intestine, has debilitating long-term consequences for children. The priority of patient care is to increase the length of functional intestine, particularly the jejunum, to promote nutritional independence. Here we construct autologous jejunal mucosal grafts using biomaterials from pediatric patients and show that patient-derived organoids can be expanded efficiently in vitro.

End-of-life medical decision-making for children in custody: A collaborative, multi-stakeholder practical approach.

Background: Parents have a constitutionally-protected, fundamental right to make decisions concerning the health and well-being of their children, afforded by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. However, parental rights are not absolute, and may be curtailed after a finding of parental "unfitness" including perpetration of egregious child abuse/neglect. Court intervention may be necessary to assert "parens patriae" authority to protect a child's well-being.