Evaluating the implementation and impact of a volunteer navigation oncology support programme: study protocol for a pragmatic, real-world hybrid type 2 study.

Introduction: Patient navigation is recommended by accrediting bodies such as the Commission on Cancer and is a key element in payment reform demonstration projects, due to the established benefits in reducing barriers to healthcare, improving care coordination and reducing healthcare utilisation. However, oncology practices are often resource constrained and lack the capacity to extend navigation services at the desired intensity for their patient population. The American Cancer Society (ACS) developed the ACS Community Access to Resources, Education, and Support (CARES) programme to expand navigation capacity through the training of students from local universities as volunteers to serve as non-clinical navigators to support cancer patients.

Clinical Experience with TNF Inhibition and Longitudinal Image Monitoring in Osseous Sarcoidosis.

Background: In this case series, we present longitudinal imaging surveillance of 6 cases of osseous sarcoidosis, each of which was effectively treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibition.

Methods: We identified 6 patients from Brooke Army Medical Center with osseous sarcoidosis, who were treated with TNF inhibition and followed with longitudinal imaging studies. Cases of osseous sarcoidosis were defined as having pathologic evidence of noncaseating granulomas on bone biopsy and evidence of osseous lesions on imaging attributable to sarcoidosis by the radiologist, treating clinician, and reviewer.

Engineering of CRISPR-Cas PAM recognition using deep learning of vast evolutionary data.

CRISPR-Cas enzymes must recognize a protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) to edit a genomic site, significantly limiting the range of targetable sequences in a genome. Machine learning-based protein engineering provides a powerful solution to efficiently generate Cas protein variants tailored to recognize specific PAMs. Here, we present Protein2PAM, an evolution-informed deep learning model trained on a dataset of over 45,000 CRISPR-Cas PAMs.

Effect of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) on hospitalization among adults with COVID-19: An electronic health record-based target trial emulation from N3C.

Background: Nirmatrelvir with ritonavir (Paxlovid) is indicated for patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) who are at risk for progression to severe disease due to the presence of one or more risk factors. Millions of treatment courses have been prescribed in the United States alone. Paxlovid was highly effective at preventing hospitalization and death in clinical trials.

Skeletal and Adipose Manifestations of Stress in a Contemporary Pediatric Sample.

Introduction: Adverse experiences leading to physiological disruptions (stress) in early life produce cascade effects on various biological systems, including the endocrine and metabolic systems, which, in turn, shape the developing skeletal system. To evaluate the effects of stress on adipose and skeletal tissues, we examine the relationship between skeletal indicators of stress (porotic hyperostosis [PH] and cribra orbitalia [CO]), bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral neural canal (VNC) diameters, and adipose tissue distribution in a contemporary pediatric autopsy sample.

Methods: Data is from 702 (409 males, 293 females) individuals from a pediatric (0.