Phagocytosis via complement receptor 3 enables microbes to evade killing by neutrophils.

CR3 (CD11b/CD18; αmβ2 integrin) is a conserved phagocytic receptor. The active conformation of CR3 binds the iC3b fragment of complement C3 as well as many host and microbial ligands, leading to actin-dependent phagocytosis. There are conflicting reports about how CR3 engagement affects the fate of phagocytosed substrates.

Dental school pathway programs: Best practices for increasing workforce diversity.

The chronic underrepresentation of racial/ethnic minority practitioners in the U.S. health professions workforce is an oft-cited factor for disparities in health and health-care access affecting communities of color.

The CHO Cell Clustering Response to Pertussis Toxin: History of Its Discovery and Recent Developments in Its Use.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells respond to pertussis toxin (PT) with a novel clustering pattern, which is dependent on biologically active PT. Since its description in 1983, this cellular response has been refined and used extensively for detection and quantification of PT activity, as well as anti-PT antibodies. There are limitations, however, in the use of this phenomenon as originally described.

Four single-basepair mutations in the ptx promoter of Bordetella bronchiseptica are sufficient to activate the expression of pertussis toxin.

Secretion of pertussis toxin (PT) is the preeminent virulence trait of the human pathogen Bordetella pertussis, causing whooping cough. Bordetella bronchiseptica, although it harbors an intact 12-kb ptx-ptl operon, does not express PT due to an inactive ptx promoter (Pptx), which contains 18 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) relative to B. pertussis Pptx.

Patient-reported indicators in mental health care: towards international standards among members of the OECD.

Background: Achieving people-centred health care systems requires new and innovative strategies to capture information about whether, and to what degree, health care is successful in improving health from the perspective of the patient. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) can bring some of these new insights, and are increasingly used in research, clinical care, and policymaking.

Methods: This paper reflects the ongoing discussions and findings of the OECD PaRIS Working Group on Patient-reported Indicators for Mental Health Care.