[Breast cancer. current use of the extra-pleural exploration of the internal mammary chain].

The interest to know the Internal Mammary Chain (IMC) Involvement , is that it is a lymphatic filter as primary as the axilla. Anatomic-surgical fundaments, were presented for their exploration. Fifty (50) pectus-sternal, analizing the number of nodes (average 9,7 per specimen), located preferably in the three first intercostal spaces, were studied.

The left ventricle and hemodynamic patterns in essential hypertension.

Hemodynamic patterns in hypertensive patients by radionuclide techniques and tomographic gamma camera were evaluated. In younger hypertensive patients, the hyperkinetic state reflected an increase in heart rate and, consequently, an increased cardiac index and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Older hypertensive patients, however, showed a different hemodynamic pattern, with reduced systolic and diastolic function at rest compared with normotensive elderly people, and marked depression of cardiac systolic and diastolic reserve during exercise.

Effects of the combination of low-dose nifedipine GITS 20 mg and losartan 50 mg in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

Most hypertensive patients require more than one medication to effectively control elevated blood pressure (BP) values. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind study was aimed at testing the efficacy and safety of the combination of low-dose nifedipine GITS 20 mg/ losartan 50 mg compared with either monotherapy in patients with grade 1 to 3 hypertension over an eight-week period. Of 352 patients enrolled in the study, 300 were randomized.

Impact of calcium antagonists on the cardiovascular system: experience with lacidipine.

The evaluation of haemodynamic patterns in hypertensive patients by radionuclide techniques and a tomographic gamma camera has revealed differences between older and younger patients. In younger hypertensive patients, the hyperkinetic state is reflected in an increase in heart rate and, consequently, an increased cardiac index and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in comparison with normotensive controls. Older hypertensive patients, however, show a different haemodynamic pattern, with reduced systolic and diastolic function at rest compared with normotensive elderly people, and marked depression of cardiac reserve during exercise.

Treatment of patients with essential hypertension: amlodipine 5 mg/benazepril 20 mg compared with amlodipine 5 mg, benazepril 20 mg, and placebo.

This multicenter, double-masked, randomized, parallel-group study compared the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of amlodipine 5 mg/benazepril 20 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, benazepril 20 mg, and placebo in patients with essential hypertension. After a placebo run-in period, 308 patients (all white) were randomized to treatment groups and took medication once daily for 8 weeks. Blood pressure was measured after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment in the 23- to 26-hour period after dosing.