Metformin treatment ameliorates diabetes-associated decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and memory via phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1.

Age-related reduction in adult hippocampal neurogenesis is correlated with cognitive impairment. Diabetes is a chronic systemic disease that negatively affects adult neural stem cells and memory functions in the hippocampus. Despite growing concern regarding the potential role of diabetic drugs in neural abnormalities, their effects on progressive deterioration of neurogenesis and cognitive functions remain unknown.

[Emergency pleuropneumonectomy via anterior approach to treat chronic hemorrhagic empyema due to massive hemoptysis].

A 67-year-old man with a history of surgical resection of the superior lobe of the left lung and thoracoplasty due to pulmonary tuberculosis occurring approximately 40 years previously, was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent hemoptysis. X-ray films and computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest showed the left thoracic cavity to be filled with empyema, compressing the inferior lobe downward. Since three unsuccessful attempts were made at bronchial artery embolization for hemostasis, yielding hemoptysis of approximately 1,000 ml, emergency surgery was performed.

Isometric contraction and relaxation times of right and left ventricles in normal subjects and in patients with right ventricular overloading measured with bidirectional echocardiography.

With the use of bidirectional echocardiography, the isometric contraction (ICT) and relaxation times (IRT) of both ventricles were measured in 14 normal subjects (N), 6 cases with right ventricular (RV) diastolic overloading (DO), and 5 cases with RV systolic overloading (SO). The RVDO group consisted of patients with atrial septal defect of ostium secundum type who had large left-to-right shunting, and the RVSO group those with pulmonary hypertension of various origins. The mean ICT and IRT in N were 28.