The clinical value of circulating free tumor DNA in testicular germ cell tumor patients.

Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are unique malignancies of young adult men; their biology is, however, underexplored and there has not been much progress in their treatment for decades. Circulating free tumor DNA (cfDNA) analysis represents a promising way of discovering novel diagnostic and treatment options.

Objective: The study evaluates the clinical value of cfDNA detection in TGCT patients.

Molecular Basis of Cisplatin Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.

The emergence of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is the main cause of treatment failure and death in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), but its biologic background is poorly understood. To study the molecular basis of CDDP resistance in TGCT we prepared and sequenced CDDP-exposed TGCT cell lines as well as 31 primary patients' samples. Long-term exposure to CDDP increased the CDDP resistance 10 times in the NCCIT cell line, while no major resistance was achieved in Tera-2.

[Comparison of RECIST 1.1 and iRECIST for Response Evaluation in Solid Tumours].

Background: Immunotherapy is a relatively new and developing modality in oncological treatment, which may significantly improve treatment results for some patients with malignant tumors. With the increasing number of clinical trials, the demand for a suitable tool to assess and compare treatment responses is growing. Currently, the most common response assessment system for solid tumors is RECIST (response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) version 1.

[Position of targeted therapy in ovarian cancer management].

Ovarian cancer in Czech Republic takes first place in mortality among gynecological malignant tumours. In most cases it is diagnosed in advanced stages. Initial treatment is based on combination of radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.

[Male fertility and cancer treatment].

Approximately 15% of men with newly diagnosed cancer are younger than 55 years, and about 26% of them are younger than 20 years. However the most common cause of fertility disorders is oncological treatment itself, the oncological diseases, changes in anatomy, and primary or secondary hormonal insufficiency are also significant factors. The chemotherapy, radiation, or their combination reduce sperm count, impair sperm motility and cause disorders in morphology and DNA integrity.