Serum concentrations of levosimendan and its metabolites OR-1855 and OR-1896 in cardiac surgery patients with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Background: The inotropic drug levosimendan is often used as an individualized therapeutic approach perioperatively in cardiac surgery patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Data regarding serum concentrations of levosimendan and its metabolites within this context is lacking.

Methods: In this retrospective descriptive proof-of-concept study, total serum concentrations (TSC) and unbound fractions (UF) of levosimendan and its metabolites OR-1896 and OR-1855 in cardiac surgery patients with CPB were measured using LC-ESI-MS/MS.

Mutant dominant-negative causes protein aggregates degraded via ERAD and prevents normal rhodopsin from proper membrane trafficking.

Dominant mutations in the rhodopsin gene () contribute to 25% of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP), characterized by photoreceptor loss and progressive blindness. One such mutation, carries a 3-bp deletion, resulting in the loss of one of two isoleucines at codons 255 and 256. Our investigation, using recombinant expression in HEK293 and COS-7 cells, revealed that , akin to the known adRP mutation , induces the formation of rhodopsin protein (RHO) aggregates at the perinuclear region.

[Perioperative atrial fibrillation : Diagnosis with underestimated relevance].

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in adults, both in general and perioperatively and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The age of the patients is a major risk factor. The prevalence of AF in noncardiac surgery (NCS) varies widely from 0.