Treatment continuation with cladribine at 5 years after initiation in people with multiple sclerosis: A case series and literature review.

Background: Cladribine is an oral disease-modifying drug approved for the treatment of highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). The recommended number of treatment courses is two, with the courses given 1 year apart (i.e.

Alkyl Cyclopropyl Ketones in Catalytic Formal [3 + 2] Cycloadditions: The Role of SmI Catalyst Stabilization.

Alkyl cyclopropyl ketones are introduced as versatile substrates for catalytic formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions with alkenes and alkynes and previously unexplored enyne partners, efficiently delivering complex, sp-rich products. The key to effectively engaging this relatively unreactive new substrate class is the use of SmI as a catalyst in combination with substoichiometric amounts of Sm; the latter likely acting to prevent catalyst deactivation by returning Sm to the catalytic cycle. In the absence of Sm, background degradation of the SmI catalyst can outrun product formation.

Albumin Proteins as Delivery Vehicles for PFAS Contaminants into Respiratory Membranes.

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of chemicals that have been used in a wide range of commercial products. While their use is declining, the prevalence of PFAS, combined with their chemical longevity, ensures that detectable levels will remain in the environment for years to come. As such, there is a pressing need to understand how PFAS contaminants interact with other elements of the human exposome and the consequences of these interactions for human health.

A catalytic alkene insertion approach to bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane bioisosteres.

C(sp)-rich bicyclic hydrocarbon scaffolds, as exemplified by bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes, play an increasingly high-profile role as saturated bioisosteres of benzenoids in medicinal chemistry and crop science.

Diastereoselective Radical 1,4-Ester Migration: Radical Cyclizations of Acyclic Esters with SmI.

Reductive cyclizations of carbonyl compounds, mediated by samarium(II) diiodide (SmI, Kagan's reagent), represent an invaluable platform to generate molecular complexity in a stereocontrolled manner. In addition to classical ketone and aldehyde substrates, recent advances in radical chemistry allow the cyclization of lactone and lactam-type substrates using SmI. In contrast, acyclic esters are considered to be unreactive to SmI and their participation in reductive cyclizations is unprecedented.