Analysis of the components of and their antioxidant activity.

, an annual herb belonging to the Leguminosae family, is traditionally consumed as tea in the form of dried whole herbs or beans. To deepen our understanding of the chemical constituents of we isolated 16 compounds, categorised as flavone derivatives (-), including a novel compound nomameflavone A (), a chalcone derivative (), an aurone derivative (), a chromone derivative (), a juglone derivative (), anthraquinone derivatives (-), phenolic compounds (-), and sterol derivatives (, ). The structure of each compound was elucidated using NMR and MS.

THOUSAND-GRAIN WEIGHT 6, which is an IAA-glucose hydrolase, preferentially recognizes the structure of the indole ring.

An indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-glucose hydrolase, THOUSAND-GRAIN WEIGHT 6 (TGW6), negatively regulates the grain weight in rice. TGW6 has been used as a target for breeding increased rice yield. Moreover, the activity of TGW6 has been thought to involve auxin homeostasis, yet the details of this putative TGW6 activity remain unclear.

Cooperation of an external carbonic anhydrase and HCO3- transporter supports underwater photosynthesis in submerged leaves of the amphibious plant Hygrophila difformis.

Background And Aims: HCO3- can be a major carbon resource for photosynthesis in underwater environments. Here we investigate the underlying mechanism of uptake and membrane transport of HCO3- in submerged leaves of Hygrophila difformis, a heterophyllous amphibious plant. To characterize these mechanisms, we evaluated the sensitivity of underwater photosynthesis to an external carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor and an anion exchanger protein inhibitor, and we attempted to identify components of the mechanism of HCO3- utilization.

Genome editing by introduction of Cas9/sgRNA into plant cells using temperature-controlled atmospheric pressure plasma.

Previously, we developed a technique to introduce a superfolder green fluorescent protein (sGFP) fusion protein directly into plant cells using atmospheric-pressure plasma. In this study, we attempted genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9) system using this protein introduction technique. As an experimental system to evaluate genome editing, we utilized transgenic reporter plants carrying the reporter genes L-(I-SceI)-UC and sGFP-waxy-HPT.

Introduction of a second "Green Revolution" mutation into wheat via in planta CRISPR/Cas9 delivery.

Direct delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins into the shoot apical meristem via particle bombardment enabled introduction of a semidwarf1-orthologous mutation into an elite wheat variety.