Degradation of DNA damage-independently stalled RNA polymerase II is independent of the E3 ligase Elc1.

Transcription elongation is a highly dynamic and discontinuous process, which includes frequent pausing of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). RNAPII complexes that stall persistently on a gene during transcription elongation block transcription and thus have to be removed. It has been proposed that the cellular pathway for removal of these DNA damage-independently stalled RNAPII complexes is similar or identical to the removal of RNAPII complexes stalled due to DNA damage.

Development of an adherence-enhancing intervention in topical treatment termed the topical treatment optimization program (TTOP).

Psoriasis is a common, disabling, chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disorder of the skin with a worldwide prevalence of 2-3 % in which adherence to treatment is often poor. The majority of individuals have limited disease that is being treated with topical medication according to existing guidelines. Adherence rates are lower for topical compared with systemic treatment.

Non-adherence and measures to improve adherence in the topical treatment of psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent immune-mediated skin disease with a 2-3% prevalence in the Western population, which severely affects patients' quality of life and poses a considerable socioeconomic challenge. The majority of individuals have psoriasis in limited areas and topical products are the mainstay of therapy according to existing guidelines. It is known that medication adherence rates are lower for topical treatment than for systemic treatment.

Assessing adherence factors in patients under topical treatment: development of the Topical Therapy Adherence Questionnaire (TTAQ).

Medication adherence rates strongly depend on favorable disease outcomes. It is known that medication adherence rates are lower for topical treatment than for systemic treatment. However, to date no validated instrument for the assessment of adherence factors in topical treatment is available.