A System for Producing Controlled Elevation of Intraocular Pressure in Awake Brown Norway Rats.

Animal models that help us understand how elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) causes axonal injury will lead to new glaucoma therapies. Because reliable measurements are difficult to obtain in chronic models, we developed the controlled elevation of IOP (CEI) approach. Here, a cannula connected to an elevated balanced salt solution (BSS) reservoir is inserted into the anterior chamber of anesthetized Brown Norway rats.

Autophagy related 7 (ATG7) regulates food intake and liver health during asparaginase exposure.

Amino acid starvation by the chemotherapy agent asparaginase is a potent activator of the integrated stress response (ISR) in liver and can upregulate autophagy in some cell types. We hypothesized that autophagy related 7 (ATG7), a protein that is essential for autophagy and an ISR target gene, was necessary during exposure to asparaginase to maintain liver health. We knocked down Atg7 systemically (Atg7) or in hepatocytes only (ls-Atg7KO) in mice before exposure to pegylated asparaginase for 5 d.

Immune Checkpoint Blockade Delays Cancer Development and Extends Survival in DNA Polymerase Mutator Syndromes.

Mutations in the exonuclease domains of the replicative nuclear DNA polymerases POLD1 and POLE are associated with increased cancer incidence, elevated tumor mutation burden (TMB), and enhanced response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Although ICB is approved for treatment of several cancers, not all tumors with elevated TMB respond, highlighting the need for a better understanding of how TMB affects tumor biology and subsequently immunotherapy response. To address this, we generated mice with germline and conditional mutations in the exonuclease domains of Pold1 and Pole.

Reader's digest version of scientific writing: comparative evaluation of summarization capacity between large language models and medical students in analyzing scientific writing in sleep medicine.

Introduction: As artificial intelligence systems like large language models (LLM) and natural language processing advance, the need to evaluate their utility within medicine and medical education grows. As medical research publications continue to grow exponentially, AI systems offer valuable opportunities to condense and synthesize information, especially in underrepresented areas such as Sleep Medicine. The present study aims to compare summarization capacity between LLM generated summaries of sleep medicine research article abstracts, to summaries generated by Medical Student (humans) and to evaluate if the research content, and literary readability summarized is retained comparably.