Introducing the trier univalence neutrality ambivalence (TUNA) database: A picture database differentiating complex attitudes.

Using validated stimulus material is crucial for ensuring research comparability and replicability. However, many databases rely solely on bidimensional valence ratings, ranging from negative to positive. While this material might be appropriate for certain studies, it does not reflect the complexity of attitudes and therefore might hamper the unambiguous interpretation of some study results.

Two roads leading to the same evaluative conditioning effect? Stimulus-response binding versus operant conditioning.

Evaluative Conditioning (EC) refers to changes in our liking or disliking of a stimulus due to its pairing with other positive or negative stimuli. In addition to stimulus-based mechanisms, recent research has shown that action-based mechanisms can also lead to EC effects. Research, based on action control theories, has shown that pairing a positive or negative action with a neutral stimulus results in EC effects (Stimulus-Response binding).

Joint-Preserving Osteotomy of the Lateral Tibial Plafond for Posttraumatic Osteonecrosis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Posttraumatic osteonecrosis (ON) of the lateral distal tibia is a rare but severe complication of malleolar fractures. Treatment options include ankle fusion, arthroplasty, osteotomy, and drilling but clinical data on outcomes are limited to single case reports. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the outcome following joint-preserving reconstruction.

Contouring in the optic plane improves the accuracy of computed tomography-based segmentation of the optic pathway.

Canine optic pathway structures are often contoured on CT images, despite the difficulty of visualizing the optic pathway with CT using standard planes. The purpose of this prospective, analytical, diagnostic accuracy study was to examine the accuracy of optic pathway contouring by veterinary radiation oncologists (ROs) before and after training on optic plane contouring. Optic pathway contours used as the gold standard for comparison were created based on expert consensus from registered CT and MRI for eight dogs.