[Analysis of chromosome aberrations and prognosis of bone marrow syndrome severity in acute radiation injuries in man].

Biological dose indication using chromosomal aberrations analysis is a reliable method of diagnosing acute radiation disease and prognosing bone marrow syndrome severity. Cytogenetic methods permit one not only to estimate the mean radiation dose in the subjects exposed that is most important in case of relatively uniform irradiation, but also to reveal the non-uniformity of radiation exposure. Estimation of aberrant cells in bone marrow puncture biopsy specimens obtained from different sites of the hemopoietic tissue and analysis of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures can be used for this purpose.

[The relation of the times of onset of vomiting to the magnitude and power of the dose of ionizing radiation].

The paper is concerned with analysis of correlation of the time of appearance of vomit in a person and a mean dose rate of prolonged gamma-radiation in the persons affected at the Chernobyl accident. The data were approximated by power function. For irradiation with a constant dose rate (P) such correlation looks like Tp = 2.

[The direct use of cytogenetic data for plotting prognostic curves of the dynamics of neutrophil count after acute relatively uniform gamma irradiation (based on data from the victims of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

A considerable number of irradiated persons appeared as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Station. Analysis of chromosome aberrations and detailed hematological investigations were performed in them. Relatively uniform affection of the hemopoietic tissue could be anticipated on the basis of the results of the cytogenetic analysis in most of these persons who had been exposed to radiation at doses that were critical for the development of the bone marrow syndrome.

Bone marrow transplantation after the Chernobyl nuclear accident.

On April 26, 1986, an accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in the Soviet Union exposed about 200 people to large doses of total-body radiation. Thirteen persons exposed to estimated total-body doses of 5.6 to 13.

[Estimation of absorbed dose based on the results of cytogenetic studies of lymphocyte cultures from subjects exposed in the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Station].

Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocyte cultures was performed in 158 persons who had suffered in the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Station. According to these data, in spite of severe local injuries in some cases, hemopoietic tissue of a majority of the patients was exposed to relatively homogeneous irradiation. Doses, estimated by the frequency of dicentrics (per 100 cells), in 7 patients varied within the ranges 10.