Double trouble: two retrotransposons triggered a cascade of invasions in Drosophila species within the last 50 years.

Horizontal transfer of genetic material in eukaryotes has rarely been documented over short evolutionary timescales. Here, we show that two retrotransposons, Shellder and Spoink, invaded the genomes of multiple species of the melanogaster subgroup within the last 50 years. Through horizontal transfer, Spoink spread in D.

Denosumab and clinical outcomes among men with osteoporosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: Most subjects in osteoporosis clinical trials were women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and while bridging studies (BMD endpoint) provide an expectation that osteoporosis medications will reduce fracture risk in men. This real-world study shows direct evidence of fracture risk reduction among men with osteoporosis (36% of hip fracture reduction with denosumab).

Purpose: Direct evidence for fracture risk reduction of medications used among men with osteoporosis is very limited.

Extreme hot weather events and risk of hospitalisation for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in older people in Hong Kong in 2012 to 2018.

Background: The older population is more vulnerable to the impact of extreme hot weather events (EHWEs), while the impact on the frailer institutionalised older population was seldom assessed. Our objective was to assess the relationship between EHWEs and hospitalisation risks among institutionalised and community-dwelling older people.

Methods: We used territory-wide hospitalisation record of Hong Kong from year 2012 to 2018 to assess the associations between EHWEs and cardiovascular and respiratory disease hospitalisations in the population aged 65 or above.

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: An International Multisite Cohort Study.

Concerns have been raised that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) may increase the risk of thyroid cancer, but evidence remains conflicting. We therefore investigated if GLP1-RA use, compared with use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), was associated with thyroid cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. This multisite cohort study with subsequent meta-analysis included six population-based databases from Canada (Ontario), Denmark, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, and Taiwan.

Encapsulation of Nanocrystals in Mannitol-Based Inhalable Microparticles via Spray-Drying: A Promising Strategy for Lung Delivery of Curcumin.

Background/objectives: Curcumin is well known for its great anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy, representing a potential strategy for the treatment of respiratory disorders. However, several drawbacks, such as chemical instability, poor water solubility and rapid metabolism, result in low bioavailability, limiting its clinical applications. In this study, curcumin nanocrystals were incorporated into mannitol-based microparticles to obtain an inhalable dry powder.