Clinical outcomes of patients with bicuspid aortic valve undergoing a targeted transcatheter aortic valve replacement approach: the LIRA Method.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is still burdened by a non-negligible rate of stroke and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). These suboptimal results, possibly related to the unique BAV anatomy, might suggest the use of a different sizing method in this setting. The aim of our study is to evaluate whether the application of the supra-annular LIRA method might improve clinical outcomes in this population.

A systematic approach to identify gaps in neuroimmunology: TNF-α and fear learning deficits, a worked example.

Background: The pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders is linked to an altered immune system. However, it is often unclear how the immune system specifically affects these disorders since neuroimmune interactions are very complex. In this paper, we introduce an adjusted version of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) approach from toxicology to the field of neuroimmunology.

Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: The Missing Link Between Bacterial Infection and Alzheimer Disease.

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease, affecting approximately 19% of the global adult population. A relationship between periodontal disease and Alzheimer disease has long been recognized, and recent evidence has been uncovered to link these 2 diseases mechanistically. Periodontitis is caused by dysbiosis in the subgingival plaque microbiome, with a pronounced shift in the oral microbiota from one consisting primarily of Gram-positive aerobic bacteria to one predominated by Gram-negative anaerobes, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Chronic Oral Inoculation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola Induce Different Brain Pathologies in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by dysbiosis in subgingival microbial communities leading to increased abundance of a limited number of pathobionts, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Oral health, particularly periodontitis, is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis, with components of both these bacteria identified in postmortem brains of persons with AD. Repeated oral inoculation of mice with P.