Recent advances in NAFLD: current areas of contention.

This brief review focuses on two contentious issues within the field of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); the first is the recent effort to redefine NAFLD as metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The modification of "NAFLD" to "MAFLD" is expected to highlight the role of metabolic factors in the disease aetiology, which is hoped to improve patient understanding of the disease, facilitate patient-physician communication and highlight the importance of public health interventions in prevention and management. The diagnostic criteria for MAFLD allow it to coexist with other forms of liver disease, which recognises that metabolic dysfunction contributes towards disease progression in other liver pathologies, such as alcoholic liver disease.

The role of the gut microbiome and diet in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, with a prevalence that is increasing in parallel with the global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and multifactorial, involving environmental, genetic and metabolic factors. The role of the diet and the gut microbiome is gaining interest as a significant factor in NAFLD pathogenesis.

Diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western industrialised countries. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing in parallel with the global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver disease severity.

Evaluating Mid-Upper Arm Circumference Z-Score as a Determinant of Nutrition Status.

Background: Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) z-score, has recently been listed as an independent indicator for pediatric malnutrition. This investigation examined the relationship between MUAC z-score and the z-scores for conventional indicators (ie, weight-for-length and body mass index) to expand the available evidence for nutrition classification z-score threshold ranges in U.S.