Kynurenines and aerobic exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Background: The causes of reduced aerobic exercise capacity (ExCap) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are multifactorial, possibly involving the accumulation of tryptophan (TRP) metabolites such as kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA), known as kynurenines. Their relationship to ExCap has yet to be studied in CKD. We hypothesised that aerobic ExCap would be negatively associated with plasma levels of TRP, KYN and KYNA in CKD.

Exercise limitation in chronic kidney disease: An experimental pilot study with leg and arm exercise.

Maximal oxygen uptake (VOmax) in healthy subjects is primarily limited by systemic oxygen delivery. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), VOmax is potentially reduced by both central and peripheral factors. We aimed to investigate the effect on VOpeak of adding arm exercise to leg exercise.

Decreased mitochondrial-related gene expression in adipose tissue after acute sprint exercise in humans: A pilot study.

The aim was to examine the acute effects of sprint exercise (SIT) on global gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) in healthy subjects, to enhance understanding of how SIT influences body weight regulation. The hypothesis was that SIT upregulates genes involved in mitochondrial function and fat metabolism. A total of 15 subjects performed three 30-s all-out sprints (SIT).

GABA-mediated inhibition of human CD4 T cell functions is enhanced by insulin but impaired by high glucose levels.

Background: γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), known as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts immunomodulatory functions by interaction with immune cells, including T cells. Metabolic programs of T cells are closely linked to their effector functions including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. The physiological molecules glucose and insulin may provide environmental cues and guidance, but whether they coordinate to regulate GABA-mediated T cell immunomodulation is still being examined.

Rapid Metabolic Profiling of 1 μL Crude Cerebrospinal Fluid by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Can Differentiate Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor system. However, the correct diagnosis of PD and atypical parkinsonism may be difficult with high clinical uncertainty. There is an urgent need to identify reliable biomarkers using high-throughput, molecular-specific methods to improve current diagnostics.