Apomorphine Sublingual Film Compared with Subcutaneous Apomorphine for OFF Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: An Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study.

Background: Apomorphine sublingual film (SL-APO) and subcutaneous apomorphine (SC-APO) have been used for the treatment of OFF episodes in Parkinson's disease (PD). No study has prospectively compared efficacy and safety of these formulations.

Objective: To compare SL-APO with SC-APO for treatment of OFF episodes in PD.

Feasibility of home dose optimization of apomorphine sublingual film in Parkinson's disease patients with OFF episodes: results from the dose-optimization phase of an open-label, randomized crossover study.

Background: Dose optimization of sublingual apomorphine (SL-APO), a dopamine agonist for the treatment of OFF episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), has been performed under clinical supervision in clinical trials. SL-APO may be a candidate for home dosing optimization which would be less burdensome for patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of home optimization of SL-APO in patients with PD and OFF episodes.

Dose Optimization of Apomorphine Sublingual Film for OFF Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: Is the Prophylactic Use of an Antiemetic Necessary?

Background: Nausea is common upon initiating dopamine agonists in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, pretreatment with an antiemetic is recommended only when initiating apomorphine formulations.

Objective: Evaluate the need for prophylactic antiemetic use during dose optimization of apomorphine sublingual film (SL-APO).

Methods: A post hoc analysis of a Phase III study evaluated nausea and vomiting treatment-emergent adverse events in patients with PD who underwent SL-APO dose optimization (10-35 mg; 5-mg increments) to achieve a tolerable FULL ON.

Motor response with apomorphine sublingual film and levodopa in patients with OFF episodes.

Evaluate timing of motor improvement with carbidopa/levodopa (CD/LD) and apomorphine sublingual film (SL-APO) in patients with Parkinson's disease and OFF episodes. A pooled analysis from two studies assessed Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) scores and investigator-rated FULL ON. At 15 and 30 min following the prescribed first daily CD/LD dose, mean improvements in MDS-UPDRS-III scores were -6.

Evaluation of morning bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease in a United States cohort using continuous objective monitoring.

Introduction: Bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease is a marker for clinical levodopa responsiveness, with persistent bradykinesia reflecting suboptimal response. We objectively measured prevalence and severity of morning bradykinesia using the Personal KinetiGraph® (PKG®).

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of a large global database of de-identified PKG assessments from individuals (N=12,840) in routine clinical care in the United States (US; n=3288).