Vertical rectus muscle surgery for nystagmus patients with vertical abnormal head posture.

Purpose: To characterize the results of vertical rectus muscle recession, or recession and resection surgery for vertical abnormal head posture (VAHP) due to null-point nystagmus.

Method: This is a retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series of patients who underwent vertical rectus muscle recession alone, recession then resection, or combined recession/resection surgery for VAHP due to null-point nystagmus. The primary outcome measure was the amount of residual VAHP.

Duane radial ray syndrome (Okihiro syndrome) maps to 20q13 and results from mutations in SALL4, a new member of the SAL family.

Duane syndrome is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized most typically by absence of abduction, restricted adduction, and retraction of the globe on attempted adduction. Duane syndrome can be coinherited with radial ray anomalies as an autosomal dominant trait, referred to as "Okihiro syndrome" or "Duane radial ray syndrome" (DRRS). We ascertained three pedigrees with DRRS and mapped their disease gene to a 21.

Bangerter foils in the treatment of moderate amblyopia.

Purpose: To investigate Bangerter foils as an alternative method of treating amblyopia.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-three amblyopic children with vision of 20/60 or better in the amblyopic eye were treated with Bangerter foils. The foils were used as primary treatment in 15 patients and after initial occlusion therapy in 18 patients.

Synergistic effect of promethazine with gentamycin in frequently recurring pyelonephritis.

The effects of promethazine were studied in children with frequently recurring pyelonephritis which was not associated with urological abnormalities. The results of three methods of treatment were compared: 10 children were given a combination of gentamycin and promethazine for 7 days (Group 1), 11 received gentamycin treatment alone for 10 days (Group 2), and 19 (Group 3) were on long-term oral antibiotic prophylaxis (5.6 +/- 2.