Frontline immunotherapeutic combination strategies in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: reducing chemotherapy intensity and toxicity and harnessing efficacy.

Using immunotherapeutic agents like inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO), blinatumomab, or chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell therapy in frontline adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) therapy is promising. These agents are mostly well tolerated and have different toxicity profiles than conventional chemotherapy, enabling their combination with chemotherapy. Additionally, they have often been shown to overcome the traditional adverse ALL risk features.

Hyper-CVAD and Sequential Blinatumomab Without and With Inotuzumab in Young Adults With Newly Diagnosed Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Adding inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) to hyper-CVAD and blinatumomab may improve outcomes in newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Patients with newly diagnosed B-ALL received up to four cycles of hyper-CVAD followed by four cycles of blinatumomab. Beginning with patient #39, InO 0.

Outcomes of Patients With Treated Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A High-Risk Subtype That Warrants an Independent Prognostic Designation.

Patients who develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after having received treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or related conditions have particularly poor outcomes. This study analyzed adult patients with newly diagnosed AML who previously had MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), or MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) overlap syndrome, and who had received hypomethylating agents, chemotherapy, and/or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for these antecedent disorders. From January 2012 to August 2023, we included 673 patients with a median age of 70 years (range, 19-94); 536 (80%) had transformed from MDS, and the remainder from CMML or MDS-MPN.

Artificial Intelligence Assessment of Chest Radiographs for COVID-19.

Background: The sensitivity of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is limited for diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Chest computed tomography (CT) is reported to have high sensitivity; however, given the limited availability of chest CT during a pandemic, the assessment of more readily available imaging, such as chest radiographs, augmented by artificial intelligence may substitute for the detection of the features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Methods: We trained a deep convolutional neural network to detect SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia using publicly available chest radiography imaging data including 8,851 normal, 6,045 pneumonia, and 200 COVID-19 pneumonia radiographs.

Acute myeloid leukemia management and research in 2025.

The first 5 decades of research in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were dominated by the cytarabine plus anthracyclines backbone, with advances in strategies including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, high-dose cytarabine, supportive care measures, and targeted therapies for the subset of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Since 2017, a turning point in AML research, 12 agents have received regulatory approval for AML in the United States: venetoclax (BCL2 inhibitor); gemtuzumab ozogamicin (CD33 antibody-drug conjugate); midostaurin, gilteritinib, and quizartinib (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitors); ivosidenib, olutasidenib, and enasidenib (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 inhibitors); oral azacitidine (a partially absorbable formulation); CPX351 (liposomal encapsulation of cytarabine:daunorubicin at a molar ratio of 5:1); glasdegib (hedgehog inhibitor); and recently revumenib (menin inhibitor; approved November 2024). Oral decitabine-cedazuridine, which is approved as a bioequivalent alternative to parenteral hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic syndrome, can be used for the same purpose in AML.