[Emergencies in ear, nose and throat medicine].

Emergencies in ear, nose and throat medicine in the preclinical setting are common. Due to the narrow anatomical conditions, relocation or bleeding in this area can quickly lead to an emergency situation. In this article, the most important causes of bleeding, shortness of breath and trauma are to be presented and the corresponding treatment briefly outlined.

[Informed Consent: an Update].

An indication for a medical intervention alone is not sufficient to justify its implementation. In addition, consent has to be obtained from the patient who has been given relevant information by a doctor. If, instead of the patient, other persons are entitled to decide for him (parents for children incapable of consent, authorised representatives, carers), they must be informed.

[Thyroid medicine for ENT physicians].

Diseases of the thyroid gland are frequent incidental findings during ultrasound examination of the neck. They affect nearly one third of the normal population. Treatment is not always indicated; however, laboratory diagnostic measures must be initiated to specify the disease.