Alkylresorcinols as New Modulators of the Metabolic Activity of the Gut Microbiota.

Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are polyphenolic compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activities and are potentially involved in the regulation of host metabolism. The present study aims to establish whether ARs can be produced by the human gut microbiota and to evaluate alterations in content in stool samples as well as metabolic activity of the gut microbiota of C57BL, , and LDLR (-/-) mice according to diet specifications and olivetol (5-n-pentylresorcinol) supplementation to estimate the regulatory potential of ARs. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection was used to quantitatively analyse AR levels in mouse stool samples; faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from human donors to germ-free mice was performed to determine whether the intestinal microbiota could produce AR molecules; metagenome sequencing analysis of the mouse gut microbiota followed by reconstruction of its metabolic activity was performed to investigate olivetol's regulatory potential.

Targeted metabolomic profiling as a tool for diagnostics of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is referred to as the second most common cancer worldwide and is mainly associated with complex diagnostics and the absence of personalized therapy. Metabolomics may provide significant insights into the improvement of lung cancer diagnostics through identification of the specific biomarkers or biomarker panels that characterize the pathological state of the patient. We performed targeted metabolomic profiling of plasma samples from individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSLC, n = 100) and individuals without any cancer or chronic pathologies (n = 100) to identify the relationship between plasma endogenous metabolites and NSLC by means of modern comprehensive bioinformatics tools, including univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, partial correlation network analysis and machine learning.

[Some Approaches to Activation of Antitumor Resistance Mechanisms and Functional Analogs in Categories of Synergetics].

This paper briefly reviews the ways of activation of the antitumor resistance mechanisms developed on the basis of the concept of the periodic system of general nonspecific adaptational reactions of the body. The principles of the formation of effective influences by electromagnetic radiation using biologically active substances are described. A comparison of the criteria and conceptions of the theory of adaptational reactions to some concepts and categories of synergetics is made.

Antiproliferative activity of zinc and metal alloy nanoparticles in transplanted sarcomas.

The effects of zinc and metal alloy (Cu, Zn, and Fe) nanoparticles on transplantation capacity of tumors (mouse sarcoma 37, rat sarcoma 45 and Pliss lymphosarcoma) and the levels of exogenous Zn in tumor and non-tumor tissues of mice were studied. Preincubation (30 min, 37°C) of sarcoma 37 cells with zinc nanoparticles and sarcoma 45 with alloy nanoparticles before transplantation completely prevented the tumor development in animals. Preincubation of Pliss lymphosarcoma cells with nanoparticles led to tumor growth inhibition and prolongation of the animal lifespan.

Transplanted tumor growth inhibition by functionalized short single-walled carbon nanotubules.

The effects of short single-walled carbon nanotubules functionalized by COOH- and NH2- containing groups (NT-COOH and NT-NH2), on the dynamics of transplanted Pliss lymphosarcoma growth were studied after tumor cell preincubation with nanotubules and after injection of nanotubules into the developing tumor. Tumor growth was inhibited and the lifespan of rats with tumors was prolonged by 1.7 times after transplantation of tumor preincubated with NT-NH2, while NT-COOH caused no effect of this kind.