[Modern optical non-invasive technologies in diagnostics of urological diseases. Literature review. Part I].

The effects of the interaction of optical radiation and biological tissues underlie various optical diagnostics technologies, including laser Doppler flowmetry, diffuse reflection spectroscopy, fluorescent spectroscopy, photodynamic diagnostics (fluorescent cystoscopy), confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, etc. The efficiency of these technologies is the subject of study in various fields of medicine, such as dermatology and ophthalmology, anesthesiology and cardiac surgery, in the diagnosis of malignant tumors and others. In the first part of our review, the available data on the feasibility of using laser Doppler flowmetry and diffuse reflection spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool in urological practice are reviewed and systematized.

In Vivo Time-Resolved Fluorescence Detection of Liver Cancer Supported by Machine Learning.

Objectives: One of the widely used optical biopsy methods for monitoring cellular and tissue metabolism is time-resolved fluorescence. The use of this method in optical liver biopsy has a high potential for studying the shift in energy-type production from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and changes in the antioxidant defense of malignant cells. On the other hand, machine learning methods have proven to be an excellent solution to classification problems in medical practice, including biomedical optics.

Fluorescence Spectroscopy With Temperature Functional Tests in the Assessment of Markers of Intracellular Energy Metabolism: Spatial Heterogeneity and Reproducibility of Measurements.

The fluorescence intensities of the cellular respiratory cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide) reflect energy metabolism in skin and other tissues and can be quantified in vivo by fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). However, the variability of physiological parameters largely determines the reproducibility of measurement results and the reliability of the diagnostic test. In this prospective study, we evaluated the interday reproducibility of NADH and FAD fluorescence intensity measurements in the skin of 51 healthy volunteers assessed by the FS at baseline, after local cooling (10°C) and heating of the skin (35°C).