Validation of an observational tool for assessing mother-child and father-child interactions in Mara, Tanzania.

A strong body of evidence has underscored the cross-cultural importance of nurturing parent-child relationships for promoting early child development outcomes. However, most research on parenting has predominantly relied on self-reported measures collected from mothers. Observational tools for assessing parent-child interactions from not only mothers but also fathers remains limited, especially in Majority World contexts.

The development and validity of the Early Learning Tool for children 0-3-year-old in rural Pakistan.

Background: Research has demonstrated the critical role that early learning experiences play in shaping children's cognitive, social, and emotional development. Nevertheless, tools for assessing children's exposure to early learning experiences remain scarce. This paper describes the initial validation of the Early Learning (EL) tool, which captures the levels of stimulation with playthings and people available to children 0-3-year-old in low-resource, international settings.

MTS, WST-8, and ATP viability assays in 2D and 3D cultures: Comparison of methodologically different assays in primary human chondrocytes.

Background: Tissue engineering enables the production of three-dimensional microtissues which mimic naturally occurring conditions in special tissues. These 3D culture systems are particularly suitable for application in regenerative medicine or experimental pharmacology and toxicology. Therefore, it is important to analyse the cells in their 3D microenvironment with regard to viability and differentiation.

"When I hold my daughter, she quiets, no need [for]any verbal conversation": A qualitative understanding of responsive caregiving in rural, Sindh Pakistan.

Responsive caregiving is associated with secure attachment and positive child developmental outcomes. However, there is some debate on whether responsive caregiving is a universal construct. Few studies have researched responsive caregiving in diverse cultural settings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

We need to talk-how muscle stem cells communicate.

Skeletal muscle is one of the tissues with the highest ability to regenerate, a finely controlled process which is critically depending on muscle stem cells. Muscle stem cell functionality depends on intrinsic signaling pathways and interaction with their immediate niche. Upon injury quiescent muscle stem cells get activated, proliferate and fuse to form new myofibers, a process involving the interaction of multiple cell types in regenerating skeletal muscle.