An exploration of unusual antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Salmonella Typhi from Blantyre, Malawi reveals the ongoing role of IncHI1 plasmids.

Typhoid fever is a significant public health problem endemic in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Antimicrobial treatment of typhoid is however threatened by the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Typhi, especially in the globally successful lineage (4.3.

Mosquitoes Reared in Nearby Insectaries at the Same Institution Have Significantly Divergent Microbiomes.

The microbiome influences critical aspects of mosquito biology and variations in microbial composition can impact the outcomes of laboratory studies. To investigate how biotic and abiotic conditions in an insectary affect the composition of the mosquito microbiome, a single cohort of Aedes aegypti eggs was divided into three batches and transferred to three different climate-controlled insectaries within the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. The bacterial microbiome composition was compared as mosquitoes developed, the microbiome of the mosquitoes' food sources was characterised, environmental conditions over time in each insectary were measured, and mosquito development and survival were recorded.

Optimized methods for the targeted surveillance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing in human stool.

Understanding transmission pathways of important opportunistic, drug-resistant pathogens, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing , is essential to implementing targeted prevention strategies to interrupt transmission and reduce the number of infections. To link transmission of ESBL-producing (ESBL-EC) between two sources, single-nucleotide resolution of strains, as well as diversity within and between samples, is required. However, the microbiological methods to best track these pathogens are unclear.

Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in revealed by allele-specific expression.

Malaria control relies on insecticides targeting the mosquito vector, but this is increasingly compromised by insecticide resistance, which can be achieved by elevated expression of detoxifying enzymes that metabolize the insecticide. In diploid organisms, gene expression is regulated both in , by regulatory sequences on the same chromosome, and by acting factors, affecting both alleles equally. Differing levels of transcription can be caused by mutations in -regulatory modules (CRM), but few of these have been identified in mosquitoes.