New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 04: Buildings.

New York State has nearly 5.3 million buildings, and all of them are vulnerable in some way to the impacts of climate change. Understanding these impacts is critical, because risks to buildings not only threaten individual lives but also pose threats to community-level resilience.

Understanding acid-glycol switchable emulsifiers on the molecular scale.

Switchable emulsifiers are commonly studied at the macroscopic scale without significant insight into the molecular properties and processes underpinning their behaviour. This work aims to investigate on the molecular scale a switchable emulsifier comprising poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA). This emulsifier forms stable oil/water emulsions at pH > 10, but the emulsion becomes unstable at pH < 3 due to droplet aggregation.

The vector regulation hypothesis: dynamic competition between pathogen and vector behaviors constrains biofilm development in sharpshooter foreguts.

() bacteria form biofilm on the cuticular surfaces of the functional foregut (precibarium and cibarium) of its vectors, xylem fluid-ingesting sharpshooter leafhoppers and spittlebugs. While much is known about biofilm development and maturation , little is known about these processes in vectors. Real-time (RT)-PCR was used to quantify genomes daily in the functional foreguts of blue-green sharpshooters, over 7 days of exposure to infected grapevines.

Temperature-dependent vibrational energy relaxation of hydrogen-bonded and free OD groups at the air-water interface.

Water interfaces play a crucial role in regulating interactions and energy flow. Vibrational sum-frequency generation (vSFG) spectroscopy provides structural and dynamic information on water molecules at interfaces. It has revealed, for instance, the presence of the hydrogen-bonded and free OH groups at the air-water interface.

The Role of Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy in Understanding On-Surface Reactions and Dynamics in Atmospheric Model-Systems.

Surfaces, both water/air and solid/water, play an important role in mediating a multitude of processes central to atmospheric chemistry, particularly in the aerosol phase. However, the study of both static and dynamic properties of surfaces is highly challenging from an experimental standpoint, leading to a lack of molecular level information about the processes that take place at these systems and how they differ from bulk. One of the few techniques that has been able to capture ultrafast surface phenomena is time-resolved sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy.