Impact of introduction of conjugate vaccines in the vaccination schedule on the incidence of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease requiring hospitalization in Madrid 2007 to 2011.

Background: Differences in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children are expected after a change from 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Universal vaccination with PCV7 started in Madrid in November 2006, and it switched to PCV13 in June 2010.

Methods: A prospective, laboratory-confirmed (by culture or polymerase chain reaction), clinical surveillance including all pediatric IPD requiring hospitalization in Madrid was performed in all hospitals with a pediatric department and included four 1-year periods from May 2007 to April 2011.

Relationship between serotypes, age, and clinical presentation of invasive pneumococcal disease in Madrid, Spain, after introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the vaccination calendar.

To assess invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) clinical presentations and relationships with age and serotype in hospitalized children (<15 years) after PCV7 implementation in Madrid, Spain, a prospective 2-year (May 2007 to April 2009) laboratory-confirmed (culture and/or PCR) IPD surveillance study was performed (22 hospitals). All isolates (for serotyping) and culture-negative pleural/cerebrospinal fluids were sent to the reference laboratory for pneumolysin (ply) and autolysin (lyt) gene PCR analysis. A total of 330 IPDs were identified: 263 (79.

[Arthritis caused by Candida in an immunocompetent infant with a history of systemic candidiasis in the neonatal period].

We report the case of knee arthritis in an immunocompetent infant man, 10 month-old, caused by Candida albicans. He suffered in the past septic arthritis due to Candida albicans in the neonatal period. Initial management included treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole at hospital discharge.

[Usefulness of chemotherapy associated with surgery in the management of nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis].

Background: In recent years, lymphadenitis caused by atypical mycobacteria (also called nontuberculous mycobacteria [NTMB] or, more recently, environmental) have played a significant role in the differential diagnosis of adenitis in non-immunocompromised children.

Objectives: To describe the clinical and pathological findings in childhood NTMB adenitis and study the possible usefulness of antimicrobial therapy in addition to surgery.

Methods: We present eight cases of neck lymphadenitis occurring over a 5-year period.

Focal cerebral involvement by neurobrucellosis: pathological and MRI findings.

Central nervous system involvement by brucellosis is infrequent and usually presents as acute meningoencephalitis. Neurobrucellosis presenting as a focal brain mass has rarely been demonstrated on imaging studies. We describe the imaging and pathologic findings in a child affected by neurobrucellosis with focal cortico-subcortical involvement.