Natural-based repellent products: efficacy for military and general public uses.

The major points addressed in this article regarding natural- or herbal-based repellents are as follows. 1) It is important to recognize the end user when developing and testing repellents. There is a major difference between repellents suitable for nuisance management by the general public as compared with military or public health uses when battle-field conditions or a disease risk is present.

Effectiveness of permethrin-treated military uniform fabric against human body lice.

Military uniform fabric patches treated with permethrin were evaluated against natural and laboratory strains of human body lice, Pediculus humanus, L. Permethrin-treated fabric was toxic to body lice on contact and quickly affected feeding behavior and the likelihood of disease transmission, even when washed up to 20 times. The use of permethrin-treated clothing offers a new passive approach in human louse control not previously feasible.

Effect of three pyrethroids on blood feeding and fecundity of Aedes aegypti.

Caged Aedes aegypti were exposed to a range of concentrations of d-phenothrin, d-allethrin and tetramethrin in a wind tunnel. Mortality, blood engorgement and egg production among these mosquitoes and their progeny were recorded. Tetramethrin was the most effective (LC50 of 0.