From data to insights: Upscaling riverine GHG fluxes in Germany with machine learning.

Global fluvial ecosystems are important sources of greenhouse gases (CO, CH and NO) to the atmosphere, but their estimates are plagued by uncertainties due to unaccounted spatio-temporal variabilities in the fluxes. In this study, we tested the potential of modeling these variabilities using several machine learning models (ML) and three different input datasets (remotely sensed vegetation indices, in-situ water quality, and a combination of both) from 20 headwater catchments in Germany that differ in catchment land use and stream size. We also upscaled fluvial GHG fluxes for Germany using the best ML model and explored the role of catchment land use on the GHG spatial-temporal trends.

Impact of HIV treat-all and complementary policies on ART linkage in 13 PEPFAR-supported African countries.

Background: In 2015, the World Health Organization recommended that all people living with HIV begin antiretroviral treatment (ART) regardless of immune status, a policy known as 'Treat-All to end AIDS', commonly referred to as Treat-All. Almost all low- and middle-income countries adopted this policy by 2019. This study describes how linkage to treatment of newly diagnosed persons changed between 2015 and 2018 and how complementary policies may have similarly increased linkage for 13 African countries.

Effect of vole bioturbation on NO, NO, NH, CH and CO fluxes of slurry fertilized and non-fertilized montane grassland soils in Southern Germany.

Populations of rodents such as common vole (Microtus arvalis) can develop impressive soil bioturbation activities in grasslands. These burrowing and nesting activities highly impact soil physicochemical properties as well as vegetation coverage and diversity. Managed grasslands in livestock production regions receive significant amounts of slurry, commonly at high loads at the beginning of the vegetation period.

Kenya's response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a balance between minimising morbidity and adverse economic impact.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has ravaged the world's socioeconomic systems forcing many governments across the globe to implement unprecedented stringent mitigation measures to restrain its rapid spread and adverse effects. A disproportionate number of COVID-19 related morbidities and mortalities were predicted to occur in Africa. However, Africa still has a lower than predicted number of cases, 4% of the global pandemic burden.

Disclosure and Clinical Outcomes Among Young Adolescents Living With HIV in Kenya.

Purpose: Informing adolescents of their own HIV infection is critical as the number of adolescents living with HIV increases. We assessed the association between HIV disclosure and retention in care and mortality among adolescents aged 10-14 years in Kenya's national program.

Methods: We abstracted routinely collected patient-level data for adolescents enrolled into HIV care in 50 health facilities from November 1, 2004, through March 31, 2010.