[Supratentorial neuroepithelial tumor with PLAGL1 gene fusion - a new type of morphologically variable pediatric brain neoplasm defined by a distinct DNA methylation class. A case report and literature review].

Background: Methylation analysis has become a powerful diagnostic tool in modern neurooncology. This technique is valuable to diagnose new brain tumor types.

Objective: To describe the MRI and histological pattern of neuroepithelial tumor with PLAGL1 gene fusion.

[Verification of the diagnosis of supratentorial ependymomas by real-time PCR].

Background: Differential diagnosis of supratentorial ependymomas is of particular difficulty in neurooncology due to nonspecific clinical and radiographic findings, a rare seen «classic» morphological picture, and a nonspecific immunophenotype. Thanks to molecular genetic methods, in particular real-time PCR, it has become possible to verify supratentorial ependymomas and identify their molecular group, on which further prognosis depends.

Objective: To develop a set of molecular genetic tests based on real-time PCR to verify supratentorial ependymomas.

[Astrocytoma with 1p19q codeletion].

Using the example of a recurrent tumor with a 10-year follow-up, the authors show that mutation of the genes in astrocytomas is not always an early event in the pathogenesis of glioma, that in rare cases a 1p19q codeletion can be found in astrocytomas, and that IDH-mutant tumors can occur in childhood.

[Novel BRAF::EPB41L2 gene fusion in posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma. Brief communication].

Identification of specific alterations in tumors (as a rule, these are mutations or gene fusions) makes it possible to prescribe targeted drugs of the second line of therapy or, in some cases of inoperable tumors, to observe not only a gradual partial response of the tumor to treatment, but also the removal of these patients from the category of incurable ones. The article describes a new rare type of gene fusion detected in a piloid astrocytoma that developed in the posterior cranial fossa in an 11-year-old boy.

[Sarcomas of the central nervous systems. Clinical observations].

Here we report three patients with rare primary intracranial sarcomas, two of them were CIC-sarcomas and one was a -sarcoma. Tumors were examined using DNA methylation. It is important to study of CIC fusions and mutations in malignant brain tumors.