Pathophysiology of Pain and Mechanisms of Neuromodulation: A Narrative Review (A Neuron Project).

Pain serves as a vital innate defense mechanism that can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. Understanding the physiological effects of pain well plays an important role in developing novel pain treatments. Nociceptor neurons play a key role in pain and inflammation.

Thyroid Eye Disease: Pilot Study Comparison Between Patients in United States-Based and India-Based Practices.

Purpose: Thyroid eye disease (TED) phenotype varies by ethnicity/race and genetic/environmental factors. This study compared demographic and clinical characteristics of TED patients from the US and India.

Design: Observational pilot study .

Readability of Online Patient Education Materials for Interventional Pain Procedures.

Background The internet has had an enormous influence on the field of medicine. In this regard, Statista, a market and consumer data company, estimated in 2019 that more than half the world's population (>four billion people) were active internet users. Accessing the World Wide Web has become the second nature for most.