Optimizing Filament-Based TCP Scaffold Design for Osteoconduction and Bone Augmentation: Insights from In Vivo Rabbit Models.

Additive manufacturing has emerged as a transformative tool in biomedical engineering, offering precise control over scaffold design for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. While much attention has been focused on optimizing pore-based scaffold architectures, filament-based microarchitectures remain relatively understudied, despite the fact that the majority of 3D-printers generate filament-based structures. Here, we investigated the influence of filament characteristics on bone regeneration outcomes using a lithography-based additive manufacturing approach.

TPMS Microarchitectures for Vertical Bone Augmentation and Osteoconduction: An In Vivo Study.

Triply periodic minimal surface microarchitectures (TPMS) were developed by mathematicians and evolved in all kingdoms of living organisms. Renowned for their lightweight yet robust attributes, TPMS structures find application in diverse fields, such as the construction of satellites, aircrafts, and electric vehicles. Moreover, these microarchitectures, despite their intricate geometric patterns, demonstrate potential for application as bone substitutes, despite the inherent gothic style of natural bone microarchitecture.

Functionalization of Ceramic Scaffolds with Exosomes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering.

The functionalization of bone substitutes with exosomes appears to be a promising technique to enhance bone tissue formation. This study investigates the potential of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) to improve bone healing and bone augmentation when incorporated into wide open-porous 3D-printed ceramic Gyroid scaffolds. We demonstrated the multipotent characteristics of BMSCs and characterized the extracted exosomes using nanoparticle tracking analysis and proteomic profiling.

Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive.

Autologous bone remains the gold standard bone substitute in clinical practice. Therefore, the microarchitecture of newly developed synthetic bone substitutes, which reflects the spatial distribution of materials in the scaffold, aims to recapitulate the natural bone microarchitecture. However, the natural bone microarchitecture is optimized to obtain a mechanically stable, lightweight structure adapted to the biomechanical loading situation.

Triply Periodic Minimal Surface-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Mechanical, and Study.

Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) are found to be promising microarchitectures for bone substitutes owing to their low weight and superior mechanical characteristics. However, existing studies on their application are incomplete because they focus solely on biomechanical or aspects. Hardly any studies where different TPMS microarchitectures are compared have been reported.