Experience of the application of botulinum toxin type A as a treatment of facial hyperkinetic disorders in a Mexican ophthalmological center.

Background And Objective: Blepharospasm is characterized by involuntary, sustained spasms of the orbicularis oculi, corrugator, and procerus muscles. Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by the involuntary tonic-clonic contraction of the muscles of a hemiface. The main role of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in the treatment of blepharospasm and HFS is recognized by guidelines around the world.

Simultaneous placement of a bone cement implant after evisceration surgery in patients diagnosed with infectious endophthalmitis.

Background And Objectives: Endophthalmitis is a type of eye inflammation that affects all structures of the eye and is generally of infectious origin. In cases recalcitrant to intravitreal treatment or posterior vitrectomy, evisceration or enucleation are the preferable options. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has stood out as an implant in other areas of medicine due to its great stability and healing.

When is a male too hot? Fitness outcomes when mating with high temperature, sick males.

Infection may cause some insects to increase their body temperature to deal against pathogens successfully. However, one unclear aspect is whether females may use male temperature to discriminate sick from healthy partners. We tested this by using Tenebrio molitor beetles whose females use the intensity of male antennal and leg stroking that take place during mating, to discriminate among partners.

Insect thermal limits in warm and perturbed habitats: Dragonflies and damselflies as study cases.

Disturbance (e.g. loss of plant cover) increases ambient temperature which can be lethal for ectotherm insects especially in hot places.